Earmark (Politics)
Administration of federal assistance in the United States, Gravina Island Bridge, Client politics, Money trail
978-613-6-66384-5
6136663848
96
2011-08-16
34.00 €
eng
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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In United States politics, an earmark is a legislative (especially congressional) provision that directs approved funds to be spent on specific projects, or that directs specific exemptions from taxes or mandated fees. The term "earmark" is used in this sense in several countries, such as the US and South Africa. Earmarks can be found both in legislation (also called "Hard earmarks" or "Hardmarks") and in the text of Congressional committee reports (also called "Soft earmarks" or "Softmarks"). Hard earmarks are binding and have the effect of law, while soft earmarks do not have the effect of law but by custom are acted on as if they were binding. Typically, a legislator seeks to insert earmarks that direct a specified amount of money to a particular organization or project in his/her home state or district. Earmarks are often considered synonymous with "pork barrel" legislation, although the two are not necessarily the same. Congressional earmarks are often defined loosely as guarantees of federal expenditures to particular recipients in appropriations-related documents.
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