Synthesis of polymers with reactive side chains has attracted considerable attention since these polymers are widely utilized in bioengineering applications such as controlled drug delivery, wound dressing and tissue engineering. I have been curious to find out if we can treat cancer just like any other disease without extreme side effects and lowering life standard of the patient. I have written first part of this book explaining a very promising application to be an inspiration for my drive to make life better. Can we take it to the next level and dive into nanoscience? Second part analysis how novel polymeric materials may widen the scope of intended applications of nanostructures with their unique properties.